Ultimate MLA Citation Format Complete 8th Ed.

Still struggling to nail the MLA citation format? Don’t worry it happens to the best of us when asked to present an MLA format bibliography for an essay. The best way to overcome such a challenge is by having a look through this MLA citation guide. Below you can get acquainted with some helpful tips and tricks as well as multiple MLA format examples. Contents What is the MLA Citation Format? What Version of the MLA Format is Currently in Use? So What Does the New Version of the MLA Format Require? Easy-To-Use MLA Formatting Guidelines Why Should I Use an MLA Citation Guide When There Are Online Generators? Additional MLA Citation Format Tips What is the MLA Citation Format? It can be quite challenging for students to learn how to apply various referencing styles to avoid plagiarism. Such situations often lead to individuals seeking out a reliable and accessible MLA citation guide. So what exactly does the MLA citation style stand for and what are its requirements? The MLA citation format (Modern Language Association style) is most often used by students while writing papers or citing sources which are relevant to the liberal arts subjects as well as humanities. Throughout this MLA citation guide, we will ONLY be referring to the latest version that is required from students, namely the MLA citation format 8th Edition. However, if this article is not enough for you to grasp the fundamental concepts it is best to consult the MLA Handbook since it will offer additional MLA format examples concerning: MLA Research Papers Use of MLA Citation In-Text Structuring Footnotes/Endnotes Example of Bibliography/Reference/Works Cited Page Related article to APA Formating: APA Citation Guide - Learn How to Cite Anything in APA Format If you want to know more about Chicago / Turabian Citation Style: The Ultimate Chicago Citation Style Guide What Version of the MLA Format is Currently in Use? As previously mentioned, currently the MLA format required by most academic institutions is the 8th Edition which was published in April 2016. Throughout the new MLA citation format handbook, students are shown how citations should be done according to this style. It incorporates both MLA in-text citations as well as the required structure for an MLA bibliography. Due to the evolution of professional writing as well as academic writing one can clearly see that following a simple set of rules is not diverse enough to cope. Thus, the MLA citation format has emerged as a referencing style which can be applied to an extensive list of sources from a multitude of academic spheres. One of the main differences is the current MLA citation format Handbook uses a list of principles instead of the old set of specific rules. Overall the goal is to have students learn how to reference correctly using a flexible method, which is universally applicable. This MLA citation guide seeks to highlight all the new elements in an efficient and easy-to-learn manner, so you can get your research paper’s sources referenced correctly in no time. So What Does the New Version of the MLA Format Require? Now that we have a pretty good idea about what the MLA citation format stands for and how it has evolved to where it is today let's get into the specifics. In the section below we will explore all the requirements of the new MLA citation format. Universal MLA Citation Format According to the MLA citation format Handbook, it is inefficient to research a new style of referencing for each type of source: E.g., Books, Journals, Websites, etc. That was one of the leading concerns directing the creation of this latest version. Nowadays one can even use tweets as a direct source. For example, we are quite often faced with all kind of tweet feeds coming from Donald Trump or the NFL players choosing to sit down during the National Anthem. Thus, since technology gives us access to new platforms which can be used as a direct source, it would be a nightmare having to learn a new MLA citation format for each of these social media platforms. To help young academics and professionals cope with the growing availability and types of resources that can be used the MLA citation style presents us with a universal format which can be used to create appropriate citations. The way it is done now is by locating the so-called â€Å"Core Elements† of whatever type of source you are looking to include in the MLA bibliography. What they represent in this scenario are the elements making up the information needed to be listed for each source in particular. The list below covers the order in which these items must be presented for any new MLA citation format. MLA Citation Style Core Elements In a Nutshell: Author Title of the source Title of the container Other contributors Version Numbers [ Page Number, Article Number, etc.] Publisher Official date of publication Location *Note: As in the previous MLA citation format Handbooks the correct punctuation marks must be applied after each Core Element is listed. *Basic MLA Format Example: Author. Title. Title of the container. Other contributors, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication Date, Location Including â€Å"Containers† in our citations This new requirement of the MLA citation format is designed to help the visual structure and ease with which an examiner can backtrack sources. So what exactly is a â€Å"container† in the new MLA citation format? In essence, when referencing a smaller section of a large source, E.g., Chapter 5 from House of the Spirits, the container becomes the large source as it contains the smaller source we are trying to use in our assignment. MLA Format Example: Allende, Isabel. â€Å"House of the Spirits.† Chapter 5: The Lovers, translated from Spanish by Magda Bogin, Dial Press Trade Paperback, 1982, pp. 99 - 110. Allows the use of Pseudonyms for Authors Names As previously mentioned the development of social media platforms has been noted by those developing the MLA citation format. Thus, to help keep up with the times' students may now use screen names, twitter handles or usernames instead of the author's credentials, even if they are available. Doing so makes it significantly easier to reference sources in-text as well as when constructing one's MLA bibliography. To help highlight what this change incurs for students, we have provided an MLA format example of both the primary outline as well as the finished version below to increase the positive impact this MLA citation guide can have. Basic Outline: Do not include HTTP:// or https:// when referencing tweets using the MLA format. @TwitterHandle. â€Å"Full tweet text content†. Twitter, Date Posted, Time Posted, Available at Twitter URL MLA Format Example: @realDonalTrump. â€Å"Hillary Clinton should have been prosecuted and should be in jail. Instead she is running for president in what looks like a rigged election.† Twitter, 15 Oct. 2016, 5:23 A.M., twitter /realDonaldTrump/status/787267564405653505 MLA Journal Article Citations New Format This comes as a rather significant change to the MLA citation format since in the previous version there was little to no indication that the numbers students or examiners saw in periodical citations referred to issue numbers of the volume it is a part of. To help highlight this new change, we will explore the same source cited using both MLA styles. MLA 7: O'Carroll, John. â€Å"The Dying Of The Epic.† Anthropoetics 30.2 (2011): 48-49. Print. MLA 8: O'Carroll, John. â€Å"The Dying Of The Epic.† Anthropoetics, vol. 30, no. 2, 2011, pp. 48-49. Avoid including URLs This section of the MLA citation format Handbook is quite straightforward as it suggests that students steer clear of adding the HTTP:// or https:// when referencing any source while using the 8th version. City of Publication Requirement Changes For those students who have already experienced the MLA citation format requirements from previous versions, this will come as quite a shock. In the 8th release, it has been established that this information carries little to no significance as the city of publication can often change due to reprints or edits. Thus, it has been deemed that including such information is trivial and can be safely omitted by students working on an MLA bibliography. Nonetheless, there are a set of circumstances where students must include this information. Such an issue becomes a requirement if there are different versions of the resource in question. For example, if a version of the same book is published in the UK and one in the US. Enjoy having more flexibility with the MLA citation format In comparison to the previous versions of the MLA format, the 8th provides a substantial degree of freedom regarding how it is presented. In theory, one may say that there is no right or wrong way to include a source of one's references due to certain aspects being ignored according to what the focus of the work is. What it means for students is that they must focus on what pieces of information are most relevant to the task at hand. Thus, when applying the MLA citation format to a movie for example, one may either reference the director if they are assessing motifs or choose to reference the name of the actor if they are performing an in-depth character analysis. In a sense, this has made life easier and harder at the same time while trying to piece together an MLA bibliography. The best MLA format example will contain the most relevant information tailored to help readers locate the original source with ease if they are required to do so. Easy-To-Use MLA Formatting Guidelines Regardless of the subject, your MLA bibliography has been assigned to sticking to the formatting guidelines is vital. Hence, students must be aware of the requirements concerning the MLA bibliography as well as the in-text MLA citations. Here is a the new general list of guidelines that must be applied: Use standard format A4 paper [ white 8  ½ x 11† paper ] Set the document to create 1 inch margins on all sides of the paper. Indent the first word of every paragraph [ 1 inch and a half ] Indent set-off quotations [ 1 inch from the left margin ] Use 12 point size while typing up the assignment As far as font choices go, Times New Roman is recommended. Nonetheless, students may write with any legible fonts they enjoy as long as it is easy to read and italicized text is noticeable. The entire paper has to be double spaced, including the bibliography page. Always make use of one space after periods or any other punctuation marks. However, if the instructor has given out different requirements then they must be adhered to. Create a title page or structure the document with a running header without a title page. As far as the other significant elements that can be found in an MLA format essay we will go through each of them together throughout this entire section of the MLA citation guide. Title Page or MLA Header: Start on a blank piece of paper from the top of the page and flush down the left margin. The corresponding elements must be double spaced between each other: The student's name The instructor's name Course Number Date the assignment is due After these details have been correctly listed, make use of another double space as instructed by the MLA citation format and center the title of the work. It is important NOT TO bold, underline or write the title using all capital letters. Apply the general MLA format which italicizes only that which needs it such as the title of the book being reviewed. According to the 8th MLA citation format, students SHOULD NOT place a period after any heading or the title itself. Remember to make use of double space between the first lines of the text and the title. Page Numbers: The page numbers are always placed in the upper right-hand corner 1 inch and a half from the top, flushed from the right margin. The student's last name must be typed up before the page number on each page. The easiest and fastest way to do so is by setting the processor in Microsoft Word to automatically add one’s last name and page number on each of the document's pages. Never place a â€Å"p.† before the page number, since this annotation is used to determine what page is being referenced from our sources. Ask the lecturer if students should place the page number on the first page or not since this is a requirement that is unique to each teacher requesting MLA format assignments. Tables and Illustrations: The MLA citation format dictates that any tables or illustrations used must be placed as closely as possible to the segment they are related or referring to. All tables and Illustrations should be labeled accordingly with the following MLA citation format: Table/Illustration, corresponding Arabic numeral, appropriate title. Keep in mind that it has to respect the fonts and placement style used throughout. Other structural requirements are: The information describing the table or illustration must be located above it, flushed from the left-hand side and on a separate line. Include any additional information, such as origin, extra notes, etc., beneath it. All notes that are to be included should be labeled using letters rather than numbers. Illustrations should be labeled as Fig. Followed by the respective Arabic number and a caption describing it. The caption in the new MLA citation format should be placed underneath the illustration. The benefit of illustrations that already contain their source of origin does not need to be cited in the text according to the new MLA format, as they have previously been acknowledged. In-Text Citations: Most students find the correct application of MLA citation in-text the hardest one to master out of them all. Nonetheless, this version of the MLA format carries across one of the fastest and most efficient ways to do so without wasting any time. In essence, the goal of using MLA style in-text citations is to give credit to the respective author when drawing inspiration or even directly quoting them. As far as the requirements go for this version it is quite straightforward since we must make use of parentheses in the following manner throughout the MLA format essay: Author's Surname, Page reference from the borrowed material E.g. Allende, p. 122 The methods students can apply to incorporate these citations into their MLA format essay often vary and are up to the individual to decide upon. Nonetheless, the best approach is to mention them as closely as possible to the relevant material such as using them at the end of a paragraph, sentence or direct quote. Keep in mind that students can paraphrase or summarize the main idea of the quote and merely reference where the ideas have come from in their MLA format. Feeling a bit confused about what might fit you best? Don’t worry we will go through an MLA format example below to make things crystal clear. Some students prefer to incorporate the MLA citation into their text as follows: According to I. Allende, Esteban Trueba’s love for Carla is misguided and often overzealous because he â€Å"does not fully understand her feminine nature† (122). However, the most popular MLA citation alternative is slightly different: As Esteban looks to expand his family, his efforts to impregnate his wife are not met as he expected since â€Å"he does not fully understand her feminine nature† (Allende 122). These are just two of the many ways students can make the MLA style more personal when seeking to paraphrase or add a direct quotation. Why Should I Use an MLA Citation Guide When There Are Online Generators? Despite how frustrating it is sometimes to get acquainted with the MLA format guidelines, there are many benefits to mastering them. Nonetheless, students often realize there is a multitude of online MLA citation machines which can get the job done for you. As tempting as it sounds at first students must recognize that not all these generators are updated, meaning they could be using an old version of the MLA citation format. On top of that, it is hard to confirm whether the reference they produce is, in fact, the correct MLA format without being intimately acquainted with it. Thus, no matter how you twist and turn it at the end of the day it is best to learn how to apply the MLA format to keep from wasting time needlessly. Once the student has familiarized himself with the core elements and requirements of the MLA citation format they know what the correct version of a reference should look like, be it for an in-text citation or the MLA bibliography. Therefore, by understanding how everything comes together, it becomes easy to detect a decent MLA citation machine from one which will get you accused of plagiarism. Overall, by being aware of all the new simplified MLA citation requirements, the student will actually end up saving time when faced with assignments that require adequate referencing. Additional MLA Citation Format Tips The following section is tailored for those students looking to go the extra mile to impress their tutors as well as their peers. These tips will let you wow anybody with how well you have come to understand the MLA format. So without any further adieu here are some great tricks to make sure everything is absolutely perfect: Remember that an annotated bibliography is not the same thing as the MLA bibliography/Works cited page. The annotated bibliography consists of a literature review which summarizes and evaluates the quality of the sources used in the MLA format essay. Each of the major sections deserves its own page unless you have chosen to use a running header instead of a title page. The MLA bibliography must always be placed at the end of the assignment unless instructed to do otherwise. The title has to be centered on the page regardless, situated 1 inch from the top of the page. Avoid starting one’s sentences with numerals, and it is considered more academic to spell out the number. Try to use numerals before symbols or abbreviations, E.g., 9 lbs. Keep in mind to double space the assignment as well as using 1-inch margins all around

The Truth about the Drug Companies By Marcia Angell Essays

The Truth about the Drug Companies By Marcia Angell Essays The Truth about the Drug Companies By Marcia Angell Paper The Truth about the Drug Companies By Marcia Angell Paper Americans every day are subjected to a bombardment of advertising by various pharmaceutical companies. The advertisement is mixed in with different pitches for a drug showing beautiful people who are enjoying in the outdoors is the main message. Coming down to the essential and this is what is said: Prescription drugs are very costly but that shows how precious they are. The Research and Development costs are huge and companies need to cover them in some way. Research based companies tend to turn out a stream of innovative medicines which enhance its quality, averts more expensive medical care and extends life. People are the beneficiaries of the achievement of the American free enterprise system so we should all be grateful, and stop whining and pay for the drug. The industry says that you get what you pay for. Prescription drugs cost are very much high and rising fast. Americans spend around $200 billion a year on prescription drugs and the figure is growing at a rate of 12% a year. The fastest growing parts of a health care bill are Drugs which are also rising at a fast rate. The increase spending on drugs show that people are taking a lot more drugs than they used to. The prices of those drugs are frequently increased sometimes several times a year. Before its copyright ran out, the price of Schering Plough’s allergy pill, Claritin was increase about twelve times in a time span of five years for a total increase of more than fifty percent. Poor people are not the only one having a problem paying for the prescription drugs. Health care is shrinking due to the struggling economy. Employers want workers to pay more for the cost themselves and many organizations are decreasing health benefits. As the costs of prescription drugs are increasing so fast, payers are eager to get out from under them and shifting the cost to the individuals. The end result is that more and more people pay a larger fraction of their drug bills out of their own pocket and that is way too costly. Many people cannot pay so much. They tend to trade of drugs against food or home heating. Some people take them less often than it is prescribed or share them with a family member. Some who are too embarrassed to admit that they cannot afford to pay leave the doctors office with prescription in their hand and not getting it filled. These patients go without the treatment needed and sometimes their doctors wrongly conclude that the drugs they were given haven’t worked prescribed by other which complicates the problem. Elderly people get hurt the most. When Medicare was ratified in 1965, people took less prescription drugs. No one thought it is important to include an out patient prescription drug advantage in the program. Senior citizens could also buy the drugs which they needed. Around two thirds of the elderly people had additional insurance which covered prescription drugs but that percentage is decreasing as insurers and employers decided that they suffer from it. A medical reform bill was passed by Congress at the end of 2003 which included a prescription drug benefit which was to begin in 2006, but its benefits are insufficient to being with and will rapidly be taken over by administrative costs and rising prices. For apparent reason elderly people need more drugs than younger one. In 2001, around one in four elderly people reported that they do not take regular does or do not fill prescription because of the costs. The frailest are least likely to have a supplementary insurance. An average cost of $1500 a year for a drug, a person without an additional insurance who take different prescription drugs would need to spend around $9000 out of his own pocket. Not many people have such deep pockets. In one of the more wicked practices of the pharmaceutical practices, prices are higher for the people who mostly need the drug and can least afford them. The pharmaceutical industry charges the Medicare recipients more than its favored customers such as Veterans affairs system or HMO’s as the latter buy the drugs in a bulk quantity and they can bargain for rebates or discounts. People who do not have insurance have any bargaining power and therefore pay the high prices. In the last two years, people have started resisting to the increasing prices and other practices of the industry. Because of this resistance, drug companies are now covering us with different public relations messages which include the magic words like innovation, research and American. While the expression is inspiring, it has little to do with reality. Research and Development is a small part of a company’s budget. Year after year for over twenty years this industry has been the most profitable in the United States. The price drug companies’ charges have a minute relationship to the cost of making drugs and can cut them with coming close to threatening Research and Development. Secondly pharmaceutical industry is not innovative. It is hard to believe only a few important drugs have been brought into the market in the past years and they were mostly based on tax payer funded research at small biotechnology companies, National institute of Health or at academic institutions. Majority of the new drugs are not new but variations of older drugs. These are known as me too drugs. The main idea is to have a share of the lucrative market by manufacturing something similar to a top selling drug. For example there are six drugs in the market, Mevacor, Zecor, Pravachol, Lipitor, Crestor and Lescol which controls cholesterol and copies of the first. Finally the industry is hardly a model of the American free enterprise. It is free to decide which drugs to produce and it is totally free to price them as high as the public can bear and are totally dependent on the government granted monopoly in the form of Food and Drug administration’s approved marketing rights. It is not particularly innovative in making new drugs but it is aggressive and highly innovative. As America is a main profit center, it is good public relations for the companies to show themselves as American they are or not. It is true that some European companies are starting their R D operation in America. They say that the main reason behind it is that United States does not regulate prices as much of the world does. Drugs which are less profitable and which fight against tuberculosis and malaria tend to receive less attention. George Bush who is friendly to the big pharmaceutical industries refused to allow the promised $15 billion in funds allotted for HIV treatment in the Third world to be spent on common drugs. Among the many tricks exposed are the huge pharmaceuticals use of contract research organizations to apply excessive influence on clinical research and its sinister seduction of doctors. Drug companies in 2001 gave doctors nearly $11 billion worth of free samples. Along with that they gave other incentives to the doctors. In the final chapter of the book, there are seven important reforms, chief of which is for the Food and Drug Administration to compare new drugs with old drugs to see if there are additional benefits. The main goal of Angell is that people can get good drugs at a reasonable price and this require pressure from the public so that the government may take necessary action against the pharmaceutical companies. She performs an important public service in focusing on the drug companies and their dishonesty. The improvement of Pharmaceutical companies start with the outcry of the public against the abuses she showed in the book. She says that doctors should stand by their patients and not their pockets. Personal Opinion There is a significant problem in the United States about the financial conflict of interest in the clinical drug trials. It tends to affect millions of people those who are subjects in drug trials and those who use the drugs. The drug companies frequently control the date which is collected in the drug trials. The university scientists even are not provided with the whole data. Big companies tend to publish data which is favorable to their product which holding back the unfavorable data. In the case of Dr James O Kahn who published a journal article in which he concluded that a vaccine for AIDS did not help the patients. Dr Kahn was not given the data he required. But still he managed to publish the study. The company started a legal action against Dr Kahn and its employer, the University of California worth $ 7 Million. If such things happen very few researchers will have the courage to stand up to the companies. Pharmaceutical companies design their own studies to make their drug look more effective than they really are. Patients tend to suffer from the studies that offer incomplete or false information including the information about the doctors financial relations to the company. There is a need for improvement with the clinical drug trial process where there must be some other party testing the drugs. Scientists outside the company should have the final say on the drug trials. All the data should be available to the project investigators and to the public, press and who ever needs it. All financial relations to the companies should be made public. People need more information and more safety. The time is right for the nation’s medical centers, medical journals, FDA (food and drug administration), universities, medical journals and National institute of Health to come together and tell lawmakers to take back the rules under which the medical products are approved and tested. Bibliography The Truth about the Drug Companies` by Marcia Angell Publisher Random House; 1 edition (August 24, 2004)

Critically Review the Blossoming Garden Centre case study Essay

Critically Review the Blossoming Garden Centre case study - Essay Example This has called for the emphasis on training and development of the workforce too. Consequently organizations have been observed to be making huge investments in conducting training needs analysis, developing training modules, and delivering the same to its human capital. Organizations constantly creating new knowledge and imparting the same through effective training and development to employees are seen to be providing better services and products to customers than others. Constant learning and development has become the key for success of the organizations (Vemic, 2007, p.1). This project seeks to bring forth the present HR conditions in Blossoming Garden City. For this purpose it conducts an evaluation of the organizations’ learning and development issues in the organization. The first issue which is observed is that the organization easily finds staff for itself but lacks the desirable skills or the willingness of these staff to get hands on experience with customers. The organization primarily faces difficulty in finding executives at the management and supervisory level. It is also expected that restructuring the management responsibility would be a difficult issue when Gordon would retire, who has been the Managing Director of the company since 1985. Moreover the nature of the business reveals that staffs need to be in constant touch with customers. This demands the right kind of customer skills which in turn demands adequate training on the skills. Training is considered to be an ongoing process in the organization, however, inadequacy of a formal training structure has been observed. Identification of Needs The report focuses on the learning cycle presented by Kolb, in terms of identifying the training needs, planning, delivering and evaluating the elements of learning and development. According to Kolb, every individual needs and responds to the stimulus of various types of learning styles to certain extent or the other. Depending on the best learning styles that fit the employees’ organizations set their learning strategies and preferences (Harrison, 2005, p.83). The following diagram provides Kolb’s learning cycle (Please refer Appendix 1). Researchers and practitioners have realized the requirement for training needs analysis as being an integral part of the organizations. In order to utilize resources successfully, it is important for organizations to determine the exact scope, location and magnitude of the training needs. Researchers have highlighted on the fact that there exists no justification of investments in training programs if it does not end up enhancing or improving the efficiency of the workforce of the organization (Moore & Dutton, 1978). Training needs analysis accounts for the very first step in the cyclical process of the overall education and training strategy staffs in organizations. According to the views of Gould, Kelly & White & Chidgey, (2003), training needs analysis begins with t he systematic consultation of identification of learning needs of the staff which is consecutively followed by the program planning, delivery and evaluation of the training programs. Research was conducted on micro and macro level organization for evaluating their training needs and assessments. It was revealed that in spite of their limited and small scope, the micro level organiza

Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What Personal Statement

Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you - Personal Statement Example Oftentimes, when given the opportunity, I will take my horse out into the desert and just enjoy the peace and solitude that such an environment can provide. Whereas many individuals might see the desert as a formidable and barren landscape, the fact of the matter is that to me it is tranquil, serene and quite lovely. I find myself experiencing feelings of complete contendeness when I am in such an environment and free to let my thoughts wander about on many different topics. For everyone there is a place or a situation in which they feel most content; for me, it is the time I spend alone on my horse in the wilds of the desert. It should not be understood that the only calm and contented times that I spend are in solitude. Rather, my friends and family often accompany me as I embark on either a short few-hour trip or a long over-the-weekend ride. Sharing the experience in being able to be outdoors and away from all of the concerns and worries of work or school allows for this to be the single most contented time that I have spent during my life. Another reason that the time spent in horseback riding is oftentimes the most contented has to do with the fact that I am able to forget about my other concerns in life. Whereas driving somewhere is of course possible and sometimes easier, it does not allow me to quietly observe all different types of wildlife that I get to see while horseback riding. As compared to the drone of the engine in a car, the quiet gait of the horse has the ability to free my nerves, and therefore allows for a much more observant and natural means to behold available wildlife. The ability to rapidly learn the skills of horseback riding and master them in a relatively short period of time is perhaps one of the greatest reasons why this has become one of the activities in which I have been the most content. Further, as with any experience, the experience that the reader may have can vary

Better Off Alone Essay Example for Free

Better Off Alone Essay In the bible God’s greatest servant is Job; â€Å"This man was innocent, upright, and God-fearing, and kept himself apart from evil† (66). Job did everything God requested, and yet Job was maliciously tested by his creator. Throughout the story of Job there were several accounts of Job expressing his misery that resulted from God’s cruel tests of faith. Reading the story of Job I came up with the question of, would Job be happier without the weight of God’s continuous misperception and unannounced tests? Yaweh strikes Job with a â€Å"test† and murders his sons, daughters, and animals to see if Job will still love him. Perhaps God didn’t have faith in Job instead of visa versa. Yaweh causes Job to be miserable and want to kill himself; in no way is this enjoyable, or worth proceeding to worship a deity. If God were to tell Job he is the one who permitted all of these deeds, Job would no longer follow this deity. God is lying to get what he wants from Job, I don’t believe Job would still appreciate a God that goes against what he orates. It’s as if a wife had gone behind her devoted partners back and had a secret accomplice to pursue her other in a â€Å"test† of fidelity; If she were to tell him â€Å"I tested you, and had another female pursue you to see if you would stay loyal to me†, He would be mad and most likely leave her for lack of trust. Just as Job should leave his â€Å"creator† in the dark as nothing and move on to be happy, instead of constantly trying to please a God that is never satisfied. Job is â€Å"innocent† and â€Å"kept himself apart from evil† (66) and he was also tested with God’s sinful acts of murder and pain. Job was more than true to God, he showed this by even filling his own son’s faithful void; â€Å"Job would send to purify them, rising early in the morning to offer whole burnt offerings, one for each† (66). First off Job was this great of a servant so therefor Job should have been treated better and shouldn’t have been tested. This didn’t happen; but if Job was questioned because he is known as God’s ultimate servant and he had to live up to high standards then feasibly, Job wouldn’t have to deal with an untrusting God if he never submitted. Yaweh speaks with the Accuser and even points out himself that Job is â€Å"like no one on earth†; â€Å"Have you taken note of my servant Job, for there is no one like him on earth: Innocent, upright, and God-fearing and kept himself apart from evil† (66). This is a repetitive sentence through the first section of the story; making a statement that Job has all of these reliable qualities for his God. Job is pious; even Yaweh speaks of this, right before he causes Job an enormous amount of pain. When Yaweh and the Accuser speak of challenging Job’s allegiance, Yaweh tells the Accuser â€Å"Everything he has is in your power, but do not harm his person† (67). Emotions are a part in one’s brain, and one’s brain is a part of the â€Å"person†. By killing his family and animals, this is creating the feeling of agony (harm) to his person. One can then notice God either doesn’t know what harm is or he is just so unpleasant he doesn’t care if he causes Job discomfort, he just wants to see the outcomes of such mischievous acts with Job’s irrevocable loyalty. This isn’t fair to Job, to be harmed for entertainment, what an unhappy life to live. In result of God’s first test of faith, Job unchanged, remains faithful. God figures, well that’s not enough, he then changes his statement to the Accuser and says â€Å"He is in your power, but see that you preserve his life† (67). Yaweh goes back on his words and then physically harms Job’s â€Å"person† and â€Å"smote(s) Job with sickening eruptions from the souls of his feet to the crown of his head† (67-68). Job wouldn’t need to prove devotion to God through anguish if he just had escaped from this unfortunate cruel God. The only reason Job is being chosen to be tested is because he is God’s ultimate servant. If he didn’t believe in God then he wouldn’t have been chosen because God would have already known he was not faithful. Nothing would happen to him if he said good bye to God because all of Job’s friends told him not to keep following God, and nothing cruel happened to them. Job would be happy not constantly being subjected by God’s insecurities. Just how miserable was Job? Job was enormously depressed which shows in this quote; â€Å"blot out the day when I was born† He wishes to not remember the day he was born, or wish it never happened. With his words of self-loathing it creates to the reader feelings of suicide and hate. It makes the reader feel almost apathetic towards Job, for not listening to his friends and also continuing to follow a horrendous god.

Neuropathology Of Downs Syndrome Essay -- Medical Disease Health Essa

Neuropathology Of Down's Syndrome Down’s syndrome is the most commonly identified cause of mental retardation occurring in 1 out of 700 live births. In addition to mental deficiency, characteristics of the disease include epicanthic folds of the eyes, flattened facial features, unusual palm creases, short stature, open mouth, protruding tongue and poor posture. A twenty-two to fifty fold increase in risk of the development of leukemia along with congenital heart defects in forty percent of these individuals is also seen. The increased level of purines often found can lead to mental retardation itself. Neurological impairment and immune system deficiencies make these individuals more susceptible to infection. Also noted are increased risk for cataract development and vision impairment due to defects in the lenses of the eyes. Evidence for the disease can be found as far back as the nineteenth century with many theories for the etiology of the disease. Early hypotheses include links to endocrine gland malfunction, tuberculosis, syphilis and "uterine exhaustion". The idea of uterine exhaustion was based on the observation that many children with Downs Syndrome (DS) tended to be the last born members of large families. This was later accounted for as mere coincidence. The first formal reference to the anomaly came in 1866 in England by a physician at the Earlewood Asylum noting the distinct physical characteristics of this group of individuals. In the 1930’s, Adrian Bleyer hypothesized that the condition was caused by a failure of the chromosomes to separate but could provide no proof for this since an accurate human chromosome count had not yet been obtained by anyone. The correct number of 46 chromosomes was obtained in Sw... ...rebrain Cholinergic and Pontine Catecholaminergic Nuclei in the Brain of Trisomy 16 Mouse, an Animal Model of Down’s Syndrome. Brain Res. Devop. Brain Res.:50(2), 251-264. LeMay, M. and N. Alvarez (1990) The Relationship Between Enlargements of the Temporal Horns of the Lateral Ventricles and Dementia in Aging Patients with Down’s Syndrome. Neuroradiology: 32 (2), 104-107. Patterson, D. (1987) The Causes of Down Syndrome. Scientific American: 255 (8), 52-60. Pearlson, G. D., et. al. (1990) Brain Atrophy in 18 Patients with Down Syndrome: a CT study. AJNR: 265, 811-816. Plioplys, A. (1987) Down’s Syndrome Precocious Neurofilament Antigen Expression. J. Neuroscien.: 79, 91-100. Sacks, B. and S. Smith (1989) People with Down’s Syndrome Can be Distinguished on the Basis of Cholinergic Dysfunction. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry: 52(11), 1294-1295. Neuropathology Of Down's Syndrome Essay -- Medical Disease Health Essa Neuropathology Of Down's Syndrome Down’s syndrome is the most commonly identified cause of mental retardation occurring in 1 out of 700 live births. In addition to mental deficiency, characteristics of the disease include epicanthic folds of the eyes, flattened facial features, unusual palm creases, short stature, open mouth, protruding tongue and poor posture. A twenty-two to fifty fold increase in risk of the development of leukemia along with congenital heart defects in forty percent of these individuals is also seen. The increased level of purines often found can lead to mental retardation itself. Neurological impairment and immune system deficiencies make these individuals more susceptible to infection. Also noted are increased risk for cataract development and vision impairment due to defects in the lenses of the eyes. Evidence for the disease can be found as far back as the nineteenth century with many theories for the etiology of the disease. Early hypotheses include links to endocrine gland malfunction, tuberculosis, syphilis and "uterine exhaustion". The idea of uterine exhaustion was based on the observation that many children with Downs Syndrome (DS) tended to be the last born members of large families. This was later accounted for as mere coincidence. The first formal reference to the anomaly came in 1866 in England by a physician at the Earlewood Asylum noting the distinct physical characteristics of this group of individuals. In the 1930’s, Adrian Bleyer hypothesized that the condition was caused by a failure of the chromosomes to separate but could provide no proof for this since an accurate human chromosome count had not yet been obtained by anyone. The correct number of 46 chromosomes was obtained in Sw... ...rebrain Cholinergic and Pontine Catecholaminergic Nuclei in the Brain of Trisomy 16 Mouse, an Animal Model of Down’s Syndrome. Brain Res. Devop. Brain Res.:50(2), 251-264. LeMay, M. and N. Alvarez (1990) The Relationship Between Enlargements of the Temporal Horns of the Lateral Ventricles and Dementia in Aging Patients with Down’s Syndrome. Neuroradiology: 32 (2), 104-107. Patterson, D. (1987) The Causes of Down Syndrome. Scientific American: 255 (8), 52-60. Pearlson, G. D., et. al. (1990) Brain Atrophy in 18 Patients with Down Syndrome: a CT study. AJNR: 265, 811-816. Plioplys, A. (1987) Down’s Syndrome Precocious Neurofilament Antigen Expression. J. Neuroscien.: 79, 91-100. Sacks, B. and S. Smith (1989) People with Down’s Syndrome Can be Distinguished on the Basis of Cholinergic Dysfunction. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry: 52(11), 1294-1295.

Should Cellphones Be Allowed in Class

Should Cell Phones Be Allowed In The Classroom? Personally, I think cell phones should be allowed in the classrooms as they can benefit students in many ways. Student’s listen to music on them, do research on them, and they benefit students with individual education plans. To start, cell phones should be allowed in the classroom, as student’s use them to listen to music. In addition, listening to music helps people concentrate on their learning as it avoids them from getting distracted at what is going on around them. Also, listening to music helps student’s deal with emotional problems, stress, etc.Therefore, students should be allowed to bring their cell phones to class. Next, I think students should be able to bring their cell phones to class considering it is helpful when it comes to them having to do research on something. Cell phones are helpful to students when it comes to doing research, as they can save what they researched on their phone and come back t o it later. Furthermore, cell phones are good when it comes to needing to do research as sometimes you could wait days to use the school computers, but if you have a cell phone with a data plan you can have all the research you want at the end of your finger tips.In conclusion, cell phones should be allowed in the class as they do benefit student’s when it comes to doing research. Finally, cell phones should be allowed in the classroom, as they can benefit students with individual education plans. For instance, cell phones can help benefit student’s with I. E. P’s because they have cameras on them which student’s can use to take pictures of their assignments who cannot write, student’s can also type up their work and print it, and lastly if they have a hard time when it comes to reading something they can use applications like Kurzweil or dragon and have it audio read to them.To summarize, I think cell phones should be allowed in class, as they are a very useful device when it comes down to students with individual education plans learning. To conclude, students should have the privilege of bringing their cell phones to class, as they can help benefit students in their learning in several ways. For example, they can be used as a calculator for math. To wrap it up, students should be able to bring their mobile devices to class, as they can benefit students in so many ways.